Countering Violent Extremism (CVE): A Resource Page

Last updated: October 4, 2018

In 2014, the U.S. government announced a new anti-terrorism initiative in the United States. The program, dubbed Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), aims to deter U.S. residents from joining “violent extremist” groups by bringing community and religious leaders together with law enforcement, health professionals, teachers and social service employees. Attorney General Eric Holder announced a White House CVE summit and three CVE pilot programs to begin in Boston, Minneapolis, and Los Angeles.

These programs, however, are not new. CVE programs have existed for some time, often with dubious results. And while purportedly aimed at rooting out all violent extremism, they have previously focused only on Muslims, stigmatizing them as a suspect community. These programs have further promoted flawed theories of terrorist radicalization which lead to unnecessary fear, discrimination, and unjustified reporting to law enforcement.

This resource page is intended to provide journalists, policy-makers, and the public information about CVE programs so that informed decisions can be made regarding whether and how they should be implemented in the future.

• Countering Violent Extremism in the Trump Era (Faiza Patel, Andrew Lindsay & Sophia DenUyl, Brennan Center for Justice, June 2018)
• Countering Violent Extremism: Freedom of Information Law Requests (Brennan Center for Justice, June 2017)
• Countering Violent Extremism (Faiza Patel & Meghan Koushik, Brennan Center for Justice, March 2017)
• Countering Violent Extremism: Myths and Fact (Brennan Center for Justice, November 2015) 

CVE in the Trump Administration

• Exclusive: Trump Team Seeks Names of Officials Working to Counter Violent Extremism (Warren Strobel and Arshad Mohammed, Reuters, Dec. 23, 2016)
• Pointing to Trump, Groups Reject U.S. Aid to Fight Extremism (Ron Nixon, Adam Goldman, and Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times, Feb. 2, 2017)
• Exclusive: Trump to Focus Counter-Extremism Program Solely on Islam—Sources (Julia Edwards Ainsley, Dustin Volz and Kristina Cooke, Reuters, Feb. 2, 2017)
• Citing Trump, Minneapolis Somali Nonprofit Rejects $500,000 Counterextremism Grant (Stephen Montemayor, Star Tribune, Feb. 3, 2017)
• Trump Admin Eyes Scrapping Anti-Extremism Program (Jim Acosta and Eli Watkins, CNN, Feb. 3, 2017)
• U.S. Senators Denounce Trump Plan to Focus Counter-Extremism Program on Islam (Dustin Volz, Reuters, Feb. 9, 2017)
• Trump’s Anti-Extremism Proposal Could Alienate Muslims And Cut Funds to Fight White Nationalists (Jessica Schulberg, Huffington Post, Feb. 10, 2017)
• Fourth Muslim Group Rejects Federal Grant to Fight Extremism (Tami Abdollah, Associated Press, Feb. 11, 2017)
• Non-Profits React to Reports Trump Could Focus on Radical Islam (Masood Farivar, Voice of America News, Feb. 11, 2017)
• Trump’s CVE Program Going From Bad to Worse (Nadim Houry, Just Security, Feb. 22, 2017)
• Trump Plan Leads to Uncertain Future for Countering Violent Extremism Program (Deepa Bharath, The Orange County Register, Feb. 24, 2017)
• DHS Strips Funding From Group That Counters Neo-Nazi Violence (Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, Foreign Policy, June 26, 2017)
• The Trump Administration Provides One More Reason to Discontinue CVE (Faiza Patel, Just Security, July 12, 2017)
• The Trump Administration Provides One More Reason to Discontinue CVE (Faiza Patel, Just Security, July 12, 2017)
• Opening Statement: “Combating Homegrown Terrorism” (Chairman Ron DeSantis, Sub Committee on National Security, July 27, 2017)
• Fighting Terrorism Without Dividing Us: Why Congress Must Look Beyond Countering Violent Extremism (Faiza Patel & Michael German, Just Security, July 28, 2017)
• The U.S. Government’s Fight Against Violent Extremism Loses Its Leader (Pete Beinart, The Atlantic, July 31, 2017)
• Sebastian Gorka, the West Wing’s Phony Foreign-Policy Guru (Bob Dreyfuss, Rolling Stone, August 10, 2017)
• Denver – DPD sets sights on Black Lives Matter, LGBTQ groups, and Refugees (Waqas Mirza, Muckrock, March 9, 2017)
• Trump Signals to Cut Unpopular Countering Extremism Programs (Murtaza Hussain, The Intercept, August 4, 2017)
• Worrying Trends in the Trump Administration’s Approach to Countering Violent Extremism (Alia Awadallah, Center for American Progress, August 17, 2017)
• Trump’s DHS Gives Right-Wing Extremists a Pass (The Washington Post, August 31, 2017)
• Federal “Countering Violent Extremism” Grant Focuses on Minority Communities Including Schools (Murtaza Hussain, The Intercept, June 15, 2018)
• LA mayor turns down $425K in federal funding to counter violent extremism after opposition from civil rights groups stalls process (Deepa Bharath, Daily News, August 16, 2018)
• Federal DHS grants on extremism concern Muslims in Michigan (Niraj Warikoo, Detroit Free Press, September 16, 2018) 
• Targeting Muslims? (Rasheed Shabazz, East Bay Express, October 3, 2018)
• Worst Suspicions Confirmed: Government Reports Show Domestic Anti-Terrorism Efforts Target Minorities (Emmanuel Mauleon, Just Security, October 3, 2018) 
• Suspected and Surveilled: A Report on Countering Violent Extremism in Chicago (March 2019)

Reliance on the debunked theory of radicalization:

• Concerns with Mitchell D. Silber & Arvin Bhatt, N.Y. Police Dep’t, Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat (Aziz Huq, Brennan Center, August 30, 2007)
• MI5 Report Challenges Views on Terrorism in Britain (Alan Travis, The Guardian, August 20, 2008)
• The Edge of Violence: A Radical Approach to Extremism (Jamie Bartlett, Jonathan Birdwell & Michael King, Demos, 2010)
• Flawed Theories on Violent Extremism Lead to Bad Policy (Mike German, ACLU, May 6, 2010)
• Disciplining an Unruly Field: Terrorism Experts and Theories of Scientific/Intellectual Production (Lisa Stampnitzky, Qualitative Sociology, December 14, 2010)
• Rethinking Radicalization: A Report (Faiza Patel, Brennan Center, March 8, 2011)
• The Muslim “radicalization” myth: Debunked (Justin Elliot, Salon, March 12, 2011)
• Beyond Radicalization: Towards an Integrated Anti-Violence Rule of Law Strategy (Colm Campbell, University of Ulster Transitional Justice Institute: Research Paper, April 7, 2011)
• Rethinking Radicalization (Faiza Patel, The Hill, June 14, 2011)
• Patel & Kundnani: Counter-Radicalization Lessons From The United Kingdom (Faiza Patel and Arun Kundnani, Roll Call, July 28, 2011)
• Learning from Past Civil Liberties Mistakes (Mike German, CATO Institute, June 21, 2012)
• Radicalization: The Journey of a Concept (Arun Kundnani, Race & Class, October-December 2012)
• Debunked NYPD Radicalization Report Just Won’t Die (Mike German, ACLU, February 11, 2013)
• Radically Wrong: A Counterproductive Approach to Counterterrorism (ACLU blog series beginning February 14, 2013)
• Stigmatizing Boston’s Muslim Community is No Way to Build Trust (Michael German, Brennan Center, October 9, 2014)
• Boston’s “Countering Violent Extremism” Program: The Dangers of Reliance on a Debunked Theory of Terrorism (Event, November 19, 2014)
• Problematic Knowledge: How “Terrorism” Resists Expertise (Lisa Stampnitzky, Capturing Security Expertise: Practice, Power, and Responsibility, Routledge: 2015)
• Is Your Child a Terrorist? U.S. Government Questionnaire Rates Families at Risk for Extremism (Murtaza Hussain, Cora Currier, and Jana Winter; First Look, February 9, 2015)
• A New Frame for CVE—Analyze Beliefs, But Counter Behavior (Anastasia Norton, Alysha Bedig, Harriera Siddiq, Lawfare, March 15, 2015)
• UK Teachers See Thin Line Between Spy and Protector (Simon Hooper, Al Jazeera, April 13, 2015)
• Who Will Become a Terrorist? Research Yields Few Clues (Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times, Mar. 27, 2016) 
• Countering Violent Extremism Programs are not the Solution to Orlando Mass Shooting (Sahar Aziz, Brookings Institution, June 29, 2016)
• Evaluation of a Multi-Faceted, U.S. Community Based, Muslim-led CVE Program (Michael J. Williams, John G. Horgan, William P. Evans, June 2016)
• Countering Violent Extremism—End Government Extremism (Bruce Fein, Huffington Post, June 30, 2016)
• How a Muslim Advocacy Group in Florida is Doing What the Government has So Far Failed To Do (Abigail Hauslohner, Washington Post, July 4, 2016)
• We Need to Rethink the Relationship Between Mental Health and Political Violence (Benjamin Ramm, openDemocracy UK, July 28, 2016)
• Radical Thinking: Can Violent Extremism be Prevented by Addressing Mental Health? (Jessica J Stevenson, openDemocracy UK, August 10, 2016)
• Academics Criticise Anti-Radicalisation Strategy in Open Letter (Alice Ross, The Guardian, September 28, 2016)
• Letter from Nicole Nguyen & Stacey Krueger, Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago, to Members of Congress et al, Concerning the Questionable Use of Academic Research to Support CVE Initiatives (October 5, 2016)
• My Son the Jihadist (Nicola Benyahia, New York Times, July 8, 2017)
• CVE Programs Criminalizing Identity (Yolanda Rondon, Huffington Post, June 24, 2017)
• How Do Police View the Neo-Nazi/White Supremacist Threat? (Patrick G. Eddington, CATO Institute, August 14, 2017)

Exploitation of community outreach for intelligence purposes:

• ACLU Eye on the FBI: The FBI is using the guise of “community outreach” to collect and illegally store intelligence information on Americans’ political and religious beliefs (ACLU, December 1, 2011)
• ACLU Eye on the FBI: The San Francisco FBI conducted a years-long Mosque Outreach program that collected and illegally stored intelligence about American Muslims’ First Amendment-protected religious beliefs and practices (ACLU, March 27, 2012)
• Spies Among Us: How Community Outreach Programs to Muslims Blur Lines Between Outreach and Intelligence (Cora Currier, The Intercept, Jan. 21, 2015)
• Minneapolis FBI Refused to Use Somali Outreach for Spying (Paul McEnroe, Star Tribune, January 28, 2015)
• Community Outreach or Intelligence Gathering? A Closer Look at Countering Violent Extremism Programs (Michael Price, January 29, 2015)
• Ex-Head of Boston Police Pushes for More Domestic Intelligence Gathering (Bryan Bender, Boston Globe, January 29, 2015)
• FBI’s Seattle Somali Community Outreach Programs Targeted for Spying, Reports Say (Venice Buhain, Seattle Globalist, January 30, 2015)
• Muslims Fear Anti-Terror Program Could Spy On Their Communities (Laura Yuen, MPR News, January 30, 2015)
• Inside the FBI’s Secret Muslim Network (Michael Hirsch,Politico, March 24, 2016)
• The FBI Is Ramping Up Use of Informants to Snoop on Muslims (Patrick Eddington, Reason,  May 6, 2016)
• The Dangers of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Programs (Alice LoCicero, Psychology Today, July 19, 2016)
• DHS Awards Grants to Counter Terrorist Recruitment and Radicalization in U.S. (Office of the Press Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, June 23, 2017)
• Chicago Group Opposing Neo-Nazis Planned to Target Jihadists Too (Alex Ruppenthal, Chicago Tonight, August 23, 2017)
• Harvard Graduate School of Education Hosts Event Discussing Surveillance of Muslim Youth (Lainey A. Newman, The Harvard Crimson, April 6, 2018)

Community and Civil Liberties’ Groups Concerns about CVE programs:

• Boston Coalition Letter to the Department of Homeland Security Regarding CVE Programs (Brennan Center, June 6, 2014)
• Los Angeles Based Groups Serving American Muslim Communities CVE Statement (Asian Americans Advancing Justice, November 13, 2014)
• Coalition Letter to Obama Administration on Countering Violent Extremism Program (ACLU, December 18, 2014)
• Spies Among Us: How Community Outreach Programs to Muslims Blur Lines Between Outreach and Intelligence (Cora Currier, The Intercept, January 21, 2015)
• Civil Rights Groups Concerned About Minneapolis CVE Pilot Program (Council on American-Islamic Relations, January 23, 2015)
• Community Outreach or Intelligence Gathering? (Michael Price, Brennan Center, January 29, 2015)
• CAIR-MN: Civil Rights Groups Concerned About Minneapolis CVE Pilot Program (Event, January 30, 2015)
• Boston Coalition Letter to DHS Re: Grave Concerns Regarding “Countering Violent Extremism” Pilot Programs (February 13, 2015)
• Joint Statement Regarding Upcoming Summit on Countering Violent Extremism (9 human rights, civil liberties & community-based organizations, February 17, 2015)
• Questions for Attendees Re: Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Summit (Darakshan Raja, Dr. Maha Hilal & Ramah Kudaimi, Washington Peace Center & National Coalition to Protect Civil Freedoms, February 18, 2015)
• Muslim Student Associations Across CA Against Federal Government’s Countering Violent Extremism Programs (MSA West, February 21, 2015)
• Minnesota Muslims Concerned About New “Stigmatizing, Divisive and Ineffective” CVE Pilot Program  (May 1, 2015)
• Homeland Security Chief Hears Skepticism on Effort to Identify Extremists (Liz Robbins, The New York Times, May 7, 2015)
• Citing Civil Liberties Concerns, 48 Groups Oppose Countering Violent Extremism Act (July 14, 2015)
• 21 Groups Oppose “Strong Cities” CVE Initiative, Citing Civil Liberties Concerns (September 21, 2015) 
• Letter to House Leadership from 29 Civil Liberties Groups Opposing H.R. 2899, The Countering Violent Extremism Act of 2015 (December 4, 2015)
• CVE Watch Project (JPat Brown & Waqas Mirza, Muckrock, 2016)
• Boston Finds Muslim Surveillance Program “Flawed and Problematic” But Implements It Anyway (Waqas Mirza, Muckrock, May 13, 2016)
• Civil Rights Express Outrage Over FBI Student Profiling Program (Richard Fowler, American Federation of Teachers, August 11, 2016)
• Petition Urging American Psychological Association (APA) President Susan McDaniel and Others to Evaluate and Take Official Position on CVE Programs (Carrie York Al-Karam, August 2016)
• Letter from Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) and Other to the Hon. Jeh Johnson, Secretary of Homeland Security Concerning Objections to DHS’s Fiscal year 2016 CVE Grant Program (August 31, 2016)
• Civil Liberties and Human Services Groups Raise Concerns About DHS Countering Violent Extremism Grants (American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, September 1, 2016)
• Letter to the Editor: Anti-Radicalization Strategy Lacks Evidence Based in Science (The Guardian, September 28, 2016)
• Countering Violent Extremism Program Divides Communities, Perpetuates Islamophobia (Abdi Warsame, Star Tribune, Feb. 13, 2017)
• Letter for Hearing on Combating Homegrown Terrorism (Shannon Al-Wakeel, Muslim Justice League, July 26, 2017)
• The Brennan Center and Over 50 Groups Sent Letter to House of Representatives and Senate Opposing Expansion of CVE Programs to White Supremacists (Brennan Center for Justice, September 7, 2017)
• Young Muslim Collective Hosts Forum on CVE (Sue Udry, Defending Rights and Dissent, October 14, 2017)
• We must be prudent about Dearborn’s police CVE program (Nour Soubani, Arab American News, March 16, 2018)
• California has resisted Trump’s attempts to target Muslims. So should Los Angeles (Laboni Hoq, Sacramento Bee, July 18, 2018)
• Black Twice: Policing Black Muslim Identities (Emmanuel Mauleon, UCLA Law Review, 2018)

CVE on the International Front

• Responding to the Threat of Violent Extremism: Failing to Prevent (Paul Thomas, Bloomsbury Publishing: London, UK, September 9, 2012)
• Taking the Think Project Forward: The Need for Preventative Anti-Extremism Educational Work (Paul Thomas & Ted Cantle, Think Project, January 2014)
• Extremism and 'Prevent’: the Need to Trust in Education (Paul Thomas & Ted Cantle, openDemocracy UK, December 10, 2014)
• UN HRC: Resolution on “Violent Extremism” Undermines Clarity (Article 19, October 8, 2015)
• UNHRC 31: “Preventing Violent Extremism” Poses Dangers to Free Expression (Article 19, March 17, 2016) 
• The Watchmen: Will Dutch Counterterrorism Force Muslims to Betray (Borzou Daragahi, Buzzfeed, May 14, 2016)
• Study of Data Held by Caffcass in Cases Featuring Radicalisation Concerns (Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service, May 31, 2016)
• Reception and Perception of Radical Messages (The Samir Kassir Foundation, June 2016)
• How A Danish Town Helped Young Muslims Turn Away From ISIS (Hanna Rosin, NPR, July 15, 2016)
• Report on Best Practices and Lessons Learned On How Protecting and Promoting Human Rights Contribute to Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (United Nations Doc. A/HRC/33/29, 2016)
• Counter-Extremism: Second Report of Session 2016–17 (House of Lords, House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights, July 22, 2016)
• Children At Risk of Radicalization Not 'Outwardly Vulnerable,' Social Workers Told (Luke Stevenson, Community Care UK, August 3, 2016)
• British Woman Held After Being Seen Reading Book About Syria On Plane (Sian Cain, The Guardian, August 4, 2016)
• Britain’s Loose Definition of Extremism is Stoking a Global Crackdown On Dissent (Jane Kinninmon, The Guardian, September 23, 2016) 
• The Question of the Day: How to Protect Human Rights Online While Countering Violent Extremism (Deborah Brown & Rafik Dammak, Association for Progressive Communication News, September 26, 2016)
• To Combat Extremism We Need Local Partnership (Mina Chang, The Hill, July 17, 2017)
• Why we’re concerned about Sara Khan, the new anti-extremism chief (Bushra Wasty and Sulekha Hassan, The Guardian, January 25, 2018)
• USAID CVE International Programs (USAID, May 14, 2018)
• The Globalisation of Countering Violent Extremism Policy  (Arun Kundnani and Ben Hayes, Transnational Institute, March 6, 2018)
• UN Peace Operations Should Get Off the Counter-Terror Bandwagon (Larry Attree and Jordan Street, Just Security, September 4, 2018)

CVE and Technology

• The Government Wants Silicon Valley to Build Terrorist-Spotting Algorithms. But Is It Possible? (Kahmir Hill, Fusion, January 14, 2016)
• Suppressing Extremist Speech: There’s an Algorithm for That! (Elias Groll, Foreign Policy, June 17, 2016)
• Fighting ISIS With an Algorithm, Physicists Try to Predict Attacks (Pam Belluck, The New York Times, June 16, 2016)
• New Online Ecology of Adversarial Aggregates: ISIS and Beyond (N. F. Johnson, M. Zheng, et. al., Science, June 17, 2016)
• A New Algorithm Could Predict ISIS Attacks (Karen Turner, The Washington Post, June 23, 2016)
• How Artificial Intelligence Could Help Warn Us of Another Dallas (Brian Fung, Washington Post, July 10, 2016)
• Through the Looking Glass: Harnessing Big Data to Respond to Violent Extremism (Michele Piercey, Carolyn Forbes, Hasan Davuclu, Devex, August 1, 2016)
• Software Scrapes Big Data for Big Danger (Scott Seckel, ASU Now, August 9, 2016) 
• U.S. Hired Cambridge Analytica’s Parent Company to Undermine Terrorist Recruiters Online (Dell Cameron, Gizmodo, August 21, 2018)

Scholarship questioning the efficacy of CVE programs:

• Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism (Clark McCauley & Sophia Moskalenko, Terrorism and Political Violence, July 3, 2008)
• Winning the Battle but Losing the War? Narrative and Counter-Narrative Strategy (C. McCauley, S. Moskalenko, T. Hataley & C. Leuprecht, Perspectives on Terrorism, August 2009)
• Spooked! How Not to Prevent Violent Extremism (Arun Kundnani, Institute of Race Relations: Report, October 2009)
• Individual and Group Mechanisms of Radicalization (Clark McCauley & Sophia Moskalenko, Strategic Multi-Layer Assessment and, Air Force Research Laboratory: Report, January 2010)
• Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim-Americans (D. Schanzer, C. Kurzman & E. Moosa, National Institute of Justice: Report, January 6, 2010)
• Preventing Violent Extremism (U.K. House of Commons: Report, March 16, 2010)
• Friction: How Radicalization Happens to Them and Us (Clark McCauley & Sophia Moskalenko, March 2, 2011)
• The Way Forward on Combating Al-Qa’ida-Inspired Violent Extremism in the United States: Suggestions for the Next Administration (David Schanzer, Institute for Social Policy and Understanding: Report, October 2012)
• Preventing and Countering Youth Radicalisation in the EU (E.-P. Guittet, F. Ragazzi, L. Bonelli & D. Bigo, European Parliament: Report, 2014)
• Countering Violent Extremism as a Field of Practice (U.S. Institute of Peace: Insights Newsletter, Spring 2014)
• The Muslims Are Coming!: Islamophobia, Extremism, and the Domestic War on Terror (Arun Kundnani, March 2014)
• Towards “Policed Multiculturalism”? Counter-Radicalization in France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (Francesco Ragazzi, Les Etudes du CERI, September-December 2014)
• A Decade Lost: Rethinking Radicalisation and Extremism (Arun Kundnani, Claystone: Report, January 2015)
• The EU Counter-Terrorism Policy Responses to the Attacks in Paris: Towards an EU Security and Liberty Agenda (D. Bigo, E. Brouwer, S. Carrera, E. Guild, E.-P. Guittet, J. Jeandesboz, F. Ragazzi & A. Sherrer, CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, February 2015)
• Preventing Education? Human Rights And UK Counter-Terrorism Policy in Schools (Rights Watch UK, July 2016)
• The Dangers of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Programs (Alice LoCicero & J. Wesley Boyd, Psychology Today, July 19, 2016)
• Civic Approaches to Confronting Violent Extremism: Sector Recommendations and Best Practices (Abbas Barzegar, Shawn Powers, Nagham El Karhili, Institute of Strategic Dialogue, September 2016)
• Letter to Editor: Sorry No More Chances for CVE (Andrea Hall, Just Security, July 18, 2017)
• Fighting Terrorism Without Dividing Us: Why Congress Must Look Beyond Countering Violent Extremism (Michael German, Faiza Patel, Just Security, July 27, 2017)
• Countering Violent Extremism: Actions Needed to Define Strategy and Assess Progress of Federal Efforts (U.S. Government Accountability Office, April 6, 2017)
• From CVE to ‘Terrorism Prevention’: Assessing New U.S. Policies (William Braniff, The Washington Institute, November 17, 2017)

Concerns over right-wing violent radicalization:

• Law Enforcement Assessment of the Violent Extremist Threat (Charles Kurzman & Davis Schanzer, Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security, June 2015) 
• Homegrown Extremism: Deadly Attacks Since 9/11 (New America Foundation, International Security Project, Summer 2015)  
• Homegrown Extremists Tied to Deadlier Toll Than Jihadists in U.S. Since 9/11  (New York Times, June 24, 2015)

Concerns over the FBI’s “Don’t Be a Puppet” Initiative in Schools:

• FBI’s Anti-Extremism Program for Schools Promotes 'Fear and Suspicion,' Groups Say (Evie Blad, Education Week, Aug. 17, 2016)
• FBI Program to Stop Violent Extremism in Schools Blasted by Ed. Advocacy Groups (Andrew Ujifusa, Education Week , Aug. 16, 2016)
• More Groups Ask FBI to Remove Website (Thomas J. Cole, Albuquerque Journal , Aug. 13, 2016)
• Civil Rights Leaders Express Outrage Over FBI Student Profiling Program (American Federation of Teachers, Aug. 11, 2016)
• FBI Wants Schools to Spy on Their Students’ Thoughts (Danielle Jefferis, Just Security, Mar. 11, 2016)
• Do Not Target Our Children, Do Not Make Our Teachers Government Puppets (Yolanda Rondon, The Huffington Post, Feb. 8, 2016)
• Preventing Violent Extremism in Schools (Office of Partner Engagement, FBI, January 2016)
• Muslim Activists Alarmed By the FBI’s New Game-Like Counterterrorism Program for Kids (Michelle Boorstein,The Washington Post, Nov. 2, 2015) 
• Letter to Att’y Gen. Loretta Lynch from Rep. Bennie Thompson Requesting Oversight of the FBI’s CVE Activities  (H. Comm. on Homeland Sec., Nov. 5, 2015)
• Muslim Activists Alarmed by the FBI’s New Game-Like Counterterrorism Program for Kids (Michelle Boorstein, Washington Post, Nov. 2, 2015) 
• F.B.I. Tool to Identify Extremists is Criticized (Laurie Goodstein, New York Times, Nov. 1, 2015)
• Letter to the FBI from 14 Civil Liberties Groups Re: “Don’t Be a Puppet” Website (Apr. 5, 2016)
• FBI’s “Shared Responsibility Committees” to Identify “Radicalized” Muslims Raise Alarms (Murtaza Hussain and Jenna McLaughlin, The Intercept, Apr. 9, 2016)
• Letter Details FBI Plan for Secretive Anti-Radicalization Committees (Cora Currier and Murtaza Hussain, The Intercept, Apr. 28, 2016)
• Is Your Kid A Threat? The Feds Want to Know (Michael German, USA Today, June 17, 2016) 
• What Could Go Wrong With Asking Teachers To Monitor Kids for 'Extremist’ Beliefs? (Danielle Jefferis, ACLU, June 20, 2016)
• Letter from the American Federation of Teachers and Other Organizations to the Hon. James Comey, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation Concerning Don’t Be A Puppet (August 9, 2016)
• FBI’s Don’t Be A Puppet Game Targets Muslim Youth, Teachers’ Union Says (Mazin Sidahmed, The Guardian, August 26, 2016)
• FBI Establishes A Presence In Schools (Alyssa Zaczek, SCTimes, September 19, 2016)
• “Is the DOJ targeting the real terrorists?” (Office of Rep. Robin Kelly, August 29, 2017)
• Proportion of Terrorist Attacks by Religious and Right-wing Extremists on the Rise in United States (Jessica Stark Rivinius, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, November 2, 2017) 

Proposed frameworks for CVE pilot programs:

• Boston—A Framework for Prevention and Intervention Strategies (February 18, 2015)
• Los Angeles— The Los Angeles Framework for Countering Violent Extremism (February 18, 2015)
• Minneapolis—Building Community Resilience: Minneapolis/St. Paul Pilot Program (February 18, 2015)
• White House—Strategic Implementation Plan for Empowering Local Partners to Prevent Violent Extremism in the United States (October 2016)